In this paper, we evaluate the status of the ecosystem approach throughout the GMS by identifying challenges and opportunities to its implementation through transnational institutions. We develop links between ecosystem management and the development of a sustainable ‘Green Economy’. Finally, we offer recommendations to support the further development of the ecosystem approach in the GMS.

Our aims are to: (i) demonstrate the foundational significance of ecosystems in supporting economic growth in the GMS; (ii) illustrate to GMS policy makers the challenges and opportunities in adopting integrated ecosystem management; and (iii) recommend actions for integrating ecosystem management into national policy-making throughout the lower and upper reaches of the Mekong River.